Does Ben Shapiro Have Autism?
Curious about Ben Shapiro's background? Get insights into whether or not he has autism in this informative overview.
.jpg)
Does Ben Shapiro Have Autism?
Understanding Ben Shapiro's Autism Diagnosis
Introduction to Ben Shapiro
Ben Shapiro, a prominent political commentator, author, and public speaker, has garnered significant attention not only for his conservative views but also for the speculation surrounding his autism diagnosis. Born in 1984, Shapiro gained prominence for his sharp intellect and articulation from a young age. As a public figure, it is natural for people to be curious about his personal life and potential health conditions.

The Autism Diagnosis Controversy
The topic of Ben Shapiro's autism diagnosis has been a subject of controversy and speculation in various online discussions and social media platforms. While there have been rumors and claims suggesting that Shapiro is on the autism spectrum, these speculations are not supported by any official confirmation from Shapiro himself or credible medical professionals.
It is crucial to approach discussions about someone's personal health with sensitivity and respect for privacy. Without explicit confirmation from Shapiro or his doctors, it is not appropriate to definitively assert or deny his autism diagnosis. Engaging in unfounded speculation can perpetuate misconceptions about autism and contribute to stigmatization.
To gain a deeper understanding of the discussions surrounding Ben Shapiro's potential autism diagnosis, it is essential to critically examine the available information and separate verified facts from rumors. Exploring reliable sources and expert opinions can provide a more informed perspective on this matter.

What is Autism?
Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects individuals in various ways. To gain a better understanding of the controversy surrounding Ben Shapiro's autism diagnosis, it's important to have a clear grasp of what autism is and its common signs and symptoms.
Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong condition that impacts social interaction, communication, and behavior. It is characterized by a wide range of symptoms and varying levels of severity. ASD is called a spectrum disorder because it encompasses a broad range of challenges and abilities that individuals may experience.
Autism affects people of all races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds. It is estimated that approximately 1 in 36 children in the United States are diagnosed with ASD, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, it is crucial to remember that each person with autism is unique, and their experiences and abilities can differ greatly.
Common Signs and Symptoms of Autism
Autism manifests differently in each individual, and the symptoms can vary widely. However, there are some common signs and symptoms that may indicate the presence of autism. These include:
- Social Challenges: People with autism may struggle with social interactions and have difficulty understanding and responding to social cues. They may find it challenging to establish and maintain relationships.
- Communication Difficulties: Individuals with autism may have difficulty with verbal and nonverbal communication. They may have delayed speech development, struggle with maintaining conversations, or exhibit repetitive language patterns.
- Repetitive Behaviors: Repetitive behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or specific routines, are commonly observed in individuals with autism. These behaviors often serve as a way to self-regulate and cope with the environment.
- Sensory Sensitivities: Many individuals with autism have heightened sensitivity to sensory stimuli, such as noise, light, or textures. They may become overwhelmed or distressed by certain sensory experiences.
- Restricted Interests: People with autism may display intense interests in specific topics or objects. They might engage in repetitive behaviors related to their interests and have a deep focus on specific areas of knowledge.
These signs and symptoms are not definitive proof of autism. A comprehensive evaluation conducted by qualified professionals is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis. If you suspect that you or someone you know may have autism, it is recommended to seek guidance from healthcare professionals with expertise in autism diagnosis and support.
Understanding autism and its characteristics is crucial for fostering awareness and acceptance. By educating ourselves about autism, we can create a more inclusive environment and provide support to individuals on the autism spectrum.
Examining the Evidence
To gain a deeper understanding of Ben Shapiro's autism diagnosis, it is essential to examine the available evidence. This section will explore both Ben Shapiro's personal accounts and professional opinions and expert analysis.
Ben Shapiro's Personal Accounts
Ben Shapiro, a prominent conservative commentator, has openly discussed his experiences and challenges related to autism. In his memoir and various interviews, Shapiro has shared insights into his life and how autism has shaped his perspective. While he has acknowledged certain traits and behaviors associated with autism, Shapiro has not publicly disclosed an official diagnosis.
Professional Opinions and Expert Analysis
The question of whether Ben Shapiro has autism has sparked a significant amount of speculation and controversy. However, it is crucial to rely on professional opinions and expert analysis to gain a more objective understanding.
Without a formal diagnosis or detailed medical information, it is challenging for experts to definitively determine whether someone has autism. It is worth noting that diagnosing autism is a complex process that involves comprehensive assessments and evaluations by trained professionals, such as psychologists and psychiatrists.
Experts caution against making assumptions or drawing conclusions solely based on public appearances or behaviors. It is important to remember that autism is a spectrum disorder, and individuals with autism can exhibit a wide range of characteristics and traits.
To form an accurate assessment, it is necessary to rely on a comprehensive evaluation conducted by professionals with expertise in diagnosing autism. Speculating or discussing someone's potential autism diagnosis without their consent can perpetuate misinformation and misconceptions.
By examining both Ben Shapiro's personal accounts and the insights of professionals, we can gain a broader perspective on the topic. It is important to approach this discussion with empathy, respect, and a commitment to understanding the complexities of autism.
Debunking Misconceptions
In the discussion surrounding Ben Shapiro's autism diagnosis, it is important to address and debunk some common misconceptions about autism. By dispelling these misconceptions, we can gain a better understanding of the condition and promote a more inclusive and informed perspective.
Autism and High Intelligence
One common misconception is the belief that individuals with autism are not intelligent. This is far from the truth. Autism does not determine a person's level of intelligence. In fact, many individuals on the autism spectrum possess exceptional intellectual capabilities. It is important to recognize and acknowledge the diverse range of strengths and talents that individuals with autism may have.
While some individuals with autism may face challenges in certain areas, such as social interaction or communication, they can also exhibit extraordinary abilities in other areas, such as mathematics, music, or visual arts. It is crucial to move away from stereotypes and appreciate the unique strengths and abilities of each individual on the autism spectrum.
Autism and Communication Skills
Another misconception is that individuals with autism lack communication skills. While it is true that some individuals with autism may experience difficulties with verbal and non-verbal communication, communication abilities vary greatly among individuals on the autism spectrum.
Some individuals with autism may have challenges with social communication, such as understanding and using non-verbal cues, maintaining eye contact, or engaging in reciprocal conversation. However, it is crucial to remember that these challenges do not reflect a lack of intelligence or emotional depth. Many individuals with autism develop alternative methods of communication, such as using assistive technology or visual supports, to express themselves effectively.
Moreover, it is important to emphasize that not all individuals with autism have communication difficulties. Some individuals with autism have excellent language skills and may excel in areas that require strong verbal communication abilities. It is essential to recognize the individuality and uniqueness of each person on the autism spectrum.
By debunking these misconceptions, we can challenge the stereotypes and stigma associated with autism. It is crucial to foster a more inclusive and accepting society that values the diverse strengths and abilities of individuals with autism.
The Importance of Autism Awareness
Advocacy and Acceptance
Autism awareness plays a vital role in promoting understanding, acceptance, and support for individuals with autism. By advocating for autism awareness, we can help create a more inclusive society that recognizes the unique strengths and challenges of individuals on the autism spectrum.
Advocacy involves actively speaking up for the rights and needs of individuals with autism. This may include advocating for educational opportunities, employment accommodations, and access to healthcare services. By raising awareness about autism, we can help break down barriers and ensure that individuals with autism have equal opportunities to thrive.
Acceptance is another crucial aspect of autism awareness. It involves embracing and valuing individuals with autism for who they are, rather than focusing on their differences. Acceptance means creating an environment where individuals with autism feel respected, understood, and supported. It also involves challenging and debunking misconceptions and stereotypes surrounding autism.
Resources for Individuals with Autism and Caregivers
For individuals with autism and their caregivers, accessing appropriate resources and support networks is essential. These resources can provide valuable information, guidance, and assistance throughout the journey.
Here are some resources that individuals with autism and their caregivers may find helpful:
- Autism Organizations: There are numerous organizations dedicated to supporting individuals with autism and their families. These organizations offer a range of services, including advocacy, support groups, educational resources, and referrals to specialized professionals. Some well-known organizations include Autism Speaks, Autism Society of America, and the National Autistic Society.
- Therapies and Interventions: Various therapies and interventions can help individuals with autism develop essential skills and improve their quality of life. These may include Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), speech therapy, occupational therapy, and social skills training. Consulting with professionals who specialize in autism can provide valuable insights and guidance on the most effective interventions for specific needs.
- Support Groups: Connecting with other individuals and families who share similar experiences can be immensely beneficial. Support groups provide a safe space for individuals with autism and caregivers to share challenges, exchange advice, and offer emotional support. Online communities and local support groups can be found through autism organizations or social media platforms.
- Educational Resources: Accessing educational resources tailored to individuals with autism can enhance learning opportunities. These resources may include visual aids, social stories, sensory tools, and educational apps. Specialized educational programs and schools that cater to the unique learning needs of individuals with autism can also provide valuable support.
By embracing advocacy, acceptance, and utilizing available resources, we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals with autism and their caregivers. It is through collective efforts that we can promote understanding and ensure that individuals on the autism spectrum have the opportunities and support they deserve.
Summary
In the midst of the speculations surrounding Ben Shapiro's potential autism, it's important to approach the topic with sensitivity and respect. While there has been no official confirmation regarding Ben Shapiro's autism, discussions and rumors continue to circulate.
It is crucial to remember that autism is a complex neurological condition that affects individuals in different ways. The signs and symptoms can vary widely, and a diagnosis should only be made by qualified professionals. It is not appropriate for us to speculate on someone's private medical information, including Ben Shapiro's autism status.
Speculating about someone's autism diagnosis without concrete evidence can be harmful and invasive. It is essential to respect individuals' privacy and focus on their contributions and accomplishments instead. By shifting the narrative away from personal speculations, we can appreciate Ben Shapiro's work and engage in constructive discussions surrounding his ideas and opinions.
If you are interested in learning more about autism, its diagnosis, or how it impacts individuals and their families, there are many reputable resources available. The Autism Society and Autism Speaks are just a few organizations that provide comprehensive information and support for those seeking to understand autism better.
Ultimately, the focus should be on fostering understanding and acceptance of individuals with autism, rather than perpetuating rumors or engaging in debates about someone's personal life. Let us celebrate the diversity and unique strengths of all individuals, including those with autism.
Sources
.jpg)
ABA Therapy Strategies for Autism Skill Building
Explore aba therapy and autism skill building strategies to foster growth and success for your loved ones.
.jpg)
ABA Therapy and Autism Programs
Explore ABA therapy and autism programs that empower individuals through customized, effective strategies.

ABA Therapy and Autism Development Programs
Explore ABA therapy and autism development programs, focusing on effective techniques and personalized care.

ABA Strategies for Success
Unlock success with essential ABA strategies! Discover the power of positive reinforcement, video modeling, and more. #ABAStrategies

ABA Individualized Programs
Discover ABA individualized programs tailored for your child's unique needs and maximize their therapy outcomes.

ABA for Autism and Depression
Discover how ABA for autism and depression can improve communication, social skills, and overall well-being.
.jpg)
Do Plastic Toys Cause Autism?
Uncover personal stories, empathetic insights, and the nuanced considerations surrounding the potential link between plastic toys and autism. Join us in this exploration, shedding light on the complexities and real-life experiences that shape our understanding.

Pro Tips in Parenting a Child with Autism
Expert advice for parenting a child with autism. Discover sensory-friendly environments, communication strategies, and more!

Addressing Challenging Behaviors in Autism
Confidently address challenging behaviors in autism with effective strategies! Unlock solutions for a brighter future.

How to Communicate Autism to Kids?
Learn how to talk about autism to kids with clarity and compassion for better understanding and empathy.

Autism and the Power of Creative Thinking
Explore autism and creative thinking, revealing unique talents and problem-solving skills that inspire innovation.

Decoding Autism and Emotional Intelligence
Discover how autism and emotional intelligence shape relationships and improve social skills for better interactions.

Autism-Friendly Classroom Strategies
Discover autism-friendly classroom strategies that support learning and inclusion for all students today!

How Technology Helps Autism Therapies?
Discover how technology helps autism therapies, from AI advancements to telehealth support for better outcomes.

Impact of ABA Therapy on Families
Discover the impact of ABA therapy on families, enhancing skills and transforming dynamics for children with autism.

Autism and Sleep Challenges
Explore autism and sleep challenges with expert strategies for better sleep and improved behavior.

Role of Pets in Autism Treatment
Discover the role of pets in autism therapy and how they enhance emotional support and skill development.

Understanding Autism Therapy Success Rates
Explore autism therapy success rates, from ABA to personalized plans, and understand effective interventions.

Importance of Play for Autism Development
Discover the importance of play for autism development and how it fosters growth and social skills in children.

Helping Autistic Adults Find Jobs
Explore effective strategies for helping autistic adults find jobs and thrive in the workplace.

Using Visual Aids in Autism Therapy
Discover the impact of using visual aids in autism therapy to enhance communication and promote independence.

Autism and Sensory Diets
Discover how autism and sensory diets can enhance lives through tailored activities and professional support.

Understanding Co-Occurring Disorders in Autism
Explore co-occurring disorders in autism and learn effective strategies for caregivers and parents.

Handling Transition Periods in Autism
Discover key tips for handling transition periods in autism to support successful coping in your loved ones.

Empowering Autistic Teens for School Success
Learn how to empower autistic teens in school with strategies for success and inclusive education.

ABA Therapy for Autism Behavioral Health Services
Discover ABA therapy for autism behavioral health services: key components, effectiveness, and support options.

ABA Therapy for Autism Behavioral Development Programs
Discover how ABA therapy for autism behavioral development programs can transform lives and boost skills effectively.

ABA Therapy for Child Behavioral Therapy Centers
Discover how ABA therapy for child behavioral therapy centers can enhance your child's progress and skills.

ABA Therapy for Autism Skill Programs
Discover how ABA therapy for autism skill programs unlocks potential through effective strategies and collaboration.

ABA Therapy for Autism Therapy Development
Discover how ABA therapy for autism therapy development unlocks potential and fosters growth in individuals.
%20(1).jpg)
Behavior Contracts in ABA: Ultimate Guide
Behavior contracts are a powerful tool for addressing challenging or problematic behaviors, and can be an effective way to help children with autism learn new skills and behaviors.

ABA Methods and Techniques
Unlocking potential with effective ABA methods and techniques. Discover the power of DTT, NET, and more for children with autism.
.jpg)
What is Trigger Analysis In ABA?
One of the common techniques used in ABA is trigger analysis. In this article, we will explore what trigger analysis is, how it works, and its importance in ABA therapy.

Is RBT Certification Worth the Investment?
Unlock the ROI of RBT certification! Discover the benefits, career growth, and job market trends. Is it worth your investment?

Show Me the Money: Revealing ABA Therapist Salaries in Arizona
Discover ABA therapist salaries in Arizona and uncover the factors that impact their earnings. How much do ABA therapists make in Arizona? Find out now!
.jpg)
What is Response Cost In ABA Therapy?
If you've heard of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy, it's a scientifically-proven approach to treating Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities. One of the key concepts in ABA therapy is response cost.
.jpg)
What Is Social Skills Training (SST) For Autism?
SST is a type of therapy that helps people with autism improve their social skills and communication abilities. In this article, we'll take a closer look at what SST is and how it can benefit those with autism.

Understanding the Average BCBA Salary in New Jersey
Discover the average BCBA salary in New Jersey and unlock strategies for maximizing your earnings in this lucrative field.
.jpg)
Autism Art: Unique Talents of Artists on the Spectrum
Art is a universal language that transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries. It is a medium for self-expression and communication, and it allows us to connect with one another on a deeper level.
.jpg)
Autism vs. Asperger's: Similarities and Differences
While they share some similarities, they are not the same thing. In this article, we'll explore the differences between autism and Asperger's in a friendly, human tone.
%20(1).jpg)
Discriminative Stimulus in ABA Therapy: Examples & More
One of the key components of ABA therapy is the concept of discriminative stimulus. In this article, we will explore what discriminative stimulus is, how it works, and why it is important in ABA therapy.

Autism And Impulse Control
Navigate the intricate connection between autism and impulse control with empathy and understanding. Delve into the diverse experiences of individuals on the spectrum and discover practical insights for building supportive environments.
.jpg)
What is Autism with Schizophrenia?
Autism with Schizophrenia, also known as Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder, is a condition where an individual is diagnosed with both autism and schizophrenia. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), about 10% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are also diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Autism and Parkinson's: Overlapping Symptoms
While Autism and Parkinson's are two distinct disorders, research has suggested that there may be a connection between the two, and it's important to understand the potential risks.

ABA Therapy for Child Behavioral Development
Discover how ABA therapy for child behavioral development can enhance skills and foster growth in children.

ABA Therapy for Developmental Centers
Discover the benefits of ABA therapy for developmental therapy centers and how it enhances lives beyond autism.

The Impact of ABA Therapy on Autism Skill Development
Discover how ABA therapy for autism skill development empowers individuals through tailored programs and support.

ABA Therapy for Autism Family Services Unveiled
Discover ABA therapy for autism family services and how it transforms lives and fosters progress.

ABA Therapy for Autism Health Programs Unveiled
Discover ABA therapy for autism health programs that enhance skills, communication, and social functioning.

ABA Therapy for Autism at Behavioral Health Centers
Discover ABA therapy for autism at behavioral health centers, enhancing skills and promoting progress with evidence-based methods.

ABA Therapy Strategies for Autism Behavioral Health
Discover effective aba therapy for autism behavioral health, with strategies for optimized outcomes and support.

Key Role of Aba Therapy in Autism Centers
Discover how ABA therapy for autism behavioral centers empowers progress and enhances lives through effective support.

ABA Therapy for Autism Health Services
Explore ABA therapy for autism health services, its benefits, and how to access essential support today!

ABA Therapy for Autism Skill Centers Insights
Discover insights on ABA therapy for autism skill centers, enhancing care and tracking progress effectively.

The Power of ABA Therapy for Children
Discover the power of ABA therapy for child behavioral services and how it enhances skills and independence.

ABA Therapy Strategies for Child Therapy
Explore aba therapy for child therapy strategies that boost development and enhance daily living skills.

ABA Therapys Impact on Child Development Programs
Discover how ABA therapy for child development programs transforms lives and enhances skills for children with autism.

ABA Therapy for Autism Unveiled
Discover aba therapy for autism therapy—empowering individuals through personalized skills and evidence-based strategies.

ABA Therapy Unveiled
Discover how ABA therapy for child behavioral programs transforms lives with personalized approaches and early intervention.

ABA Therapy for Autism Development Centers Unveiled
Discover how ABA therapy for autism development centers supports growth and learning for individuals with autism.

The Magic of ABA Therapy for Autism
Discover how ABA therapy for autism therapy services unlocks potential and enhances life skills in children.

ABA Therapy Strategies for Autism Skill Development
Discover how ABA therapy and autism skill development can unlock potential through tailored strategies.

ABA Therapy for Improved Autism Behavioral Services
Explore ABA therapy for autism behavioral services and discover techniques to enhance social and life skills.

ABA Therapy and Autism Skill Programs Unveiled
Explore aba therapy and autism skill programs to boost communication, social skills, and everyday living.

ABA Therapy for Autism Behavioral Enhancement
Explore ABA therapy for autism behavioral development and its positive impact on growth and success.

ABA Therapy for Enhanced Autism Spectrum Health
Discover how ABA therapy and autism spectrum health can build strong foundations for effective support and growth.

ABA Therapy for Behavioral Support Programs
Discover how ABA therapy for behavioral support programs empowers individuals with autism in meaningful ways.

ABA Therapy for Behavioral Health Services
Discover the benefits of ABA therapy for behavioral health services and unlock potential in individuals with Autism.

Key ABA Therapy for Autism Programs
Explore aba therapy for autism programs, their structure, benefits, and how they foster meaningful growth.

ABA Therapy for Autism Treatment Services
Explore effective ABA therapy for autism treatment services and discover personalized strategies for growth.

ABA Therapy for Autism Development Services
Discover ABA therapy for autism development services and how it empowers positive growth and behavior changes.

The Role of ABA Therapy in Behavioral Analysis
Explore ABA therapy for behavioral analysis programs and its impact on individuals with autism and their growth.

How ABA Therapy Transforms Programs
Discover how ABA therapy for behavioral therapy programs can transform lives through effective interventions.

A Glimpse into ABA Therapy for Autism Services
Discover how ABA therapy for autism services empowers lives through effective communication and social skills.

ABA Therapy and Autism Support Programs
Discover how ABA therapy and autism support programs empower individuals for a brighter future.

The Impact of ABA Therapy on Autism Spectrum
Explore how ABA therapy for autism spectrum disorder development breaks boundaries and supports growth.

ABA Therapy for Enhanced Behavioral Programs
Explore ABA therapy for behavioral programs and discover its effectiveness in shaping brighter futures.

APEX ABA Therapy and Autism Family Programs
Discover aba therapy and autism family programs that support growth, connection, and lasting positive change.

ABA Therapy for Autism Programs
Explore ABA therapy for autism therapy programs: understand assessments, family roles, and proven effectiveness.

ABA Therapy Services at Your Fingertips
Explore ABA therapy for behavioral therapy services, boosting skills and understanding for individuals with autism.

ABA Therapy Centers Unveiled
Discover ABA therapy for autism therapy centers, exploring benefits, effectiveness, and personalized care options.

Power of Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)
Unleash the power of Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) to understand and support behavior like never before. Discover the keys to effective interventions!

The Autism-Hypermobility Link: Separating Fact from Fiction
Unveiling the autism-hypermobility link: Discover the truth behind the connection and its impact.

Autism And Deafness: Unraveling The Connection
Embark on a heartfelt exploration of the intersection between autism and deafness. Discover the unique challenges and strengths that arise when these two worlds come together.

What is a Hyperfixation in Autism?
Discover the secrets of hyperfixation in autism! Unravel its positive impact, management strategies, and its effects on daily life.
.jpg)
Autism Risk Calculator: A Tool for Early Intervention
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction, and behavior. Early detection and intervention can significantly improve a child's outcome with ASD. This is where an autism risk calculator can help.

Applied Behavior Strategies
Unleash the power of applied behavior strategies! Learn how ABA principles revolutionize behavior for effective interventions.
%20(1).jpg)
Stimming In Autism: How to Manage It?
One of the most common behaviors associated with autism is stimming. Stimming is a repetitive behavior that helps individuals with autism cope with their environment.

Strategies for Addressing Hyperactivity in Autism
Discover effective strategies for addressing hyperactivity in autism. Explore therapies, medications, and collaborative care coordination.

Autism And Bipolar Disorder
Delve into the complex world of the mind as we explore the connection between autism and bipolar disorder. Uncover the unique experiences and challenges faced by individuals navigating this intricate intersection.

Can Sign Language Help With Autism?
Uncover personal stories, empathetic insights, and the transformative power of communication. Join us in this exploration, shedding light on the profound impact sign language can have on individuals with autism.
.jpg)
Strengths And Abilities In Autism
Uncover the incredible talents and perspectives that individuals with autism bring to the table. Join us on a journey to celebrate the diverse strengths inherent in the autism community.

ABA Therapy for Social Inclusion
Discover the power of ABA therapy for social inclusion and how it transforms lives for children with autism.

ABA Therapy for Autism Behavioral Support
Discover the benefits of ABA therapy for autism behavioral support and how it can transform lives.
.jpg)
ABA Therapy and Autism Behavior Interventions
Discover how ABA therapy and autism behavior intervention can support children with effective strategies and techniques.

ABA Therapy and Behavioral Health Programs
Discover how ABA therapy and behavioral health programs can unlock progress for individuals with autism.
.jpg)
ABA Therapy as a Path to Autism Health
Discover how ABA therapy for autism health can improve skills, enhance social interactions, and foster independence.
.jpg)
ABA Therapy and Developmental Health Success
Discover how ABA therapy for developmental health transforms lives with evidence-based strategies and support.

ABA Therapy for Autism Behavioral Therapy
Discover ABA therapy for autism behavioral therapy, its strategies, and how it fosters success for your child.

ABA Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder Services
Discover ABA therapy for autism spectrum disorder services, enhancing skills and promoting positive behaviors.